National Park Service: 2009

Friday, May 8, 2009

Seeking Congressional Oversight on The National Park Service

It should not take four years and a team of lawyers for a small business to be able to compete on a level playing field in dealings with the National Park Service (NPS) at Independence National Historical Park and the Independence Visitor Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. However, that is exactly the case for The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia. To that end, in this economic crisis when many companies in diverse industries are seeking a federal bailout, The Constitutional is simply seeking a federal breakthrough to ensure that it receives equitable treatment from the National Park Service and Independence Visitor Center in terms of visibility and accessibility for the operations of its guided historical tour business, as compared with other tour operators.

Thursday, March 12, 2009

The Declaration of Tourism Independence

Overview
President-elect Obama called for a “new Declaration of Independence” when he was in Philadelphia on January 17, 2009 during his Whistle Stop Tour to Washington, D.C.,

“And yet while our problems may be new, what is required to overcome them is not. What is required is the same perseverance and idealism that our founders displayed. What is required is a new declaration of independence, not just in our nation, but in our own lives - from ideology and small thinking, prejudice and bigotry - an appeal not to our easy instincts but to our better angels.”[i]

THE DECLARATION OF TOURISM INDEPENDENCE
IN CONGRESS, March 12, 2009.

The Unanimous Declaration of THE CONSTITUTIONAL WALKING TOUR OF PHILADELPHIA,

When, in the course of an unprecedented economic crisis coupled with unfair, random, arbitrary and capricious actions by the National Park Service, it becomes necessary for one small business to dissolve the bonds which have had a material adverse effect on the overall visitor experience to America’s Birthplace at Independence National Historical Park (Independence Park) in Philadelphia for numerous reasons, including the National Park Service’s violations of the spirit of Independence Park’s enabling legislation[ii] and willful non-compliance with the Gateway [Independence] Visitor Center Authorization Act.[iii]

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all tour operators are created equal, that these qualified tour operators should be endowed with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of operating a tour business on a level playing field free from the National Park Service’s random, arbitrary and capricious actions imposed under its wide and unchecked discretionary authority. It is the right of a tour operator which complements park relevance and enhances visitor experience to demand an immediate cessation of the intolerable acts of the National Park Service and the Independence Visitor Center.[iv] It is the vendor’s right, it is the entrepreneurs’ duty, to demand fair treatment including having the National Park Service authorize The Constitutional’s environmentally friendly walking tour to have accessibility and visibility to visitors, comparable to more favored vendors which receive such authorizations from the National Park Service. Such has been the patient sufferance of visitors; and such is now the necessity which constrains the vendors to alter their former systems – say goodbye to business as usual at Independence Park and the Independence Visitor Center, which has devolved into a Federally subsidized bus depot at the Visitor Center that preferences carbon emitting, for-profit motorized tours over The Constitutional’s green tours. The history of Independence Park is a history of the people protesting with a Declaration of Rights & Grievances against King George III over unfair taxation and unjust trade practices, leading to The Declaration of Independence, and the birth of the United States of America. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

The evolution of Independence Park and the increase in popularity of heritage tourism at America’s Birthplace have combined to subject the discriminated vendors - Tour Operators like The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia - to the brink of shutting down, the evidence of which is stated below:

For the National Park Service being willfully non-compliant with the 1999 Gateway Visitor Center Authorization, Public Law 106-131, for over nine years, by failing to execute a long-term detailed operating agreement with the Independence Visitor Center Corporation that would presumably set some formal ground rules for the equitable treatment and rights of vendors, including non-profit and for-profit entities that operate visitor and tour related services, at the Visitor Center.[v]
For the National Park Service unfairly, arbitrarily and capriciously issuing written authorizations in the form of Commercial Use Authorizations (CUAs) and Special Use Permits to some “favored” third parties[vi] and not to other interested and qualified third parties such as The Constitutional Walking Tour which is complementary to the Park’s mission and visitor experience objectives, is appropriate for public use and enjoyment of the Park, is an environmentally friendly “green” tour, does not cause unacceptable impacts on the Park,[vii] and benefits the Independence Visitor Center (Visitor Center) and in turn the NPS financially from ticket sales for The Constitutional.
For the National Park Service selectively enforcing rules and regulations including with existing Commercial Use Authorizations to preferred vendors who are given the CUAs.[viii]
For the National Park Service issuing Commercial Use Authorizations to Ride the Ducks’ fictitious business entities such Philly Ducks, Penn Ducks and River Ducks to help Ride the Ducks circumvent the evident intent of City of Philadelphia’s laws.[ix]
For the National Park Service and the Independence Visitor Center management randomly, arbitrarily and capriciously evicting The Constitutional from the Visitor Center in 2006 and 2007 with neither any notice nor cause following the Summer 2005 season when The Constitutional was the top selling tour at the Visitor Center sales desk.
For the National Park Service enabling the Independence Visitor Center to require that The Constitutional sign a broad sweeping “gag order” masked as a confidentiality agreement as a required condition to negotiating a license agreement for a ticket booth comparable to what other motorized tour operators have licensed (the confidentiality terms were not a requirement of the other ticket booth licensees, and the non-disclosure terms would survive even if no license agreement was ever executed).
For the National Park Service censoring The Constitutional’s popular marketing brochure called The Independent from being distributed on INHP grounds including at the Independence Visitor Center.
For the National Park Service and the Visitor Center retaliating against The Constitutional in attempts to greater marginalize The Constitutional (The Constitutional’s historical sales from the Visitor Center declined approximately 77.0% from the 2005 summer tourist season to the 2008 summer tourist season, despite an overall growth in visitor traffic experienced in the Visitor Center, as reported by the NPS, and growth in The Constitutional’s other sales channels for its tour business).

The evolution of Independence Park and the increase in popularity of heritage tourism at America’s Birthplace have combined to subject the people - Visitors - to a lack of real consumer choice and artificially inflated prices, the evidence of which is stated below:

For the National Park Service randomly, arbitrarily and capriciously giving preferential advantage to other non-motorized and motorized tours which have been granted special written authorizations and informal authorizations to conduct business practices that offer key competitive operational advantages.[x]
For the National Park Service randomly, arbitrarily and capriciously preferencing tours which are not historically and/or contextually relevant to INHP, in addition to being detrimental to the visitor experience at Independence Park.
For the National Park Service fostering a “polluted” environment that stifles innovation, limits consumer choice, and drives up tour prices – all adversely affecting the visitor experience.
For the National Park Service fostering a polluted environment (air and noise) with motorized tour operators using various vehicles for their tours including World War II era DUKW (duck boat) amphibious vehicles, authentic London double decker buses and Victorian trolleys - These motorized vehicles provide tours on thematic vehicles having no contextual relevance to the historical interpretation of Independence National Historical Park (in the 1700s-1800s).

We, THE CONSTITUTIONAL WALKING TOUR, therefore do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people who visit America’s Birthplace and who attempt to operate a small business showcasing America’s Birthplace, solemnly publish and declare, that THE CONSTITUTIONAL will work to absolve the public from these problems by appealing to Congress and other government officials for long overdue oversight on the National Park Service. THE CONSTITUTIONAL pledges to act as the people’s most eco-friendly tour in Philadelphia from this day forward – Where Every Day is Independence Day!™

----------------

Exhibits:

[i] http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/17/us/politics/17text-obama.html?ref=politics

[ii] “Independence National Historical Park Act of 1948” - U.S. Code, Title 16, Chapter 1, Subchapter LI. http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/16/ch1schLI.html

[iii] Public Law 106-131, December 1999, http://www.theconstitutional.com/news/inhp/Gateway%20Visitor%20Center%20Authorization%20Act%2012-7-99.pdf

[iv] The Independence Visitor Center was built on land owned by the Federal government and administered by the National Park Service. The NPS has contracted with a private entity, Independence Visitor Center Corporation, to operate the facility, and the NPS has supported the Visitor Center with Federal appropriations of $6.4 million since 2001 that has primarily been disbursed with annual appropriations of $850,000.00. The Visitor Center is approximately 50,000 square feet in size, and is marketed as the “largest facility of its kind in the world.” The Visitor Center was designed and intended to serve as a tourism hub and the primary point of orientation and visitor services for the Park and surrounding environs. The Visitor Center is the only official on-site ticketing location for visitors to pick up tickets to Independence Hall. The Visitor Center promotes the notion that that visitors need to “Start at the Center” in order to experience the “best way to see Philly.” For details, see http://www.theconstitutional.com/news/inhp/INHP-Payments-to-IVCC.pdf

[v] In lieu of a long term detailed operating agreement, the NPS issued a bare-bones temporary Special Use Permit to the IVCC in November 2001 and then has extended it 20 separate times “to allow additional time to finalize a formal [management] Agreement.” What is also even more curious about the repeated renewals of the Special Use Permit is that according to all of the audited financial statements of the IVCC since at least 2003, the NPS and IVCC have “substantially established a management agreement” that “calls for the NPS to make an annual payment of $850,000.00 to IVCC in exchange for the services provided by the IVCC more fully described in the agreement.” While more than $6.4 million has been spent by the Federal government to fund the IVCC’s operations since 2001, the NPS and IVCC have not executed a management agreement, and the operating agreement, which is supposedly done, is confidential and not available for public inspection.

[vi] Ride the Ducks, Philly Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), River Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), Penn Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), 76 Carriage Company, Inc. (doing business as Philadelphia Trolley Works), Philadelphia Trolley Works (including its Franklin Footsteps walking tour), Big Bus Tours (Philadelphia Trolley Works doing business as), Lights of Liberty Inc. (walking tour), Historic Philadelphia, Inc. (including its walking tours), etc.

[vii] Management Policies 2006, National Park Service, Section 10, page 144 - Commercial Visitor Services, ISBN 0-16-076874-8, http://www.nps.gov/policy/MP2006.pdf

[viii] Ride the Ducks, Philly Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), River Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), Penn Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), 76 Carriage Company, Inc. (doing business as Philadelphia Trolley Works), Philadelphia Trolley Works (including its Franklin Footsteps walking tour), Big Bus Tours (Philadelphia Trolley Works doing business as), Lights of Liberty Inc. (walking tour), Historic Philadelphia, Inc. (including its walking tours), etc.

[ix] Section 1, Title 9, Chapter 9-400 Carriers, of The Philadelphia Code, Regulation of Businesses, Trades and Professions, as amended on January 24, 2006. and “When Ducks Act Like Hogs: Tour-Bus Quackery,” Ronnie Polaneczky, Philadelphia Daily News, March 25, 2009, http://www.theconstitutional.com/news/inhp/Daily%20News%20Article%20Ride%20the%20Ducks%203-25-08.pdf

[x] Ride the Ducks, Philly Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), River Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), Penn Ducks (Ride the Ducks doing business as), 76 Carriage Company, Inc. (doing business as Philadelphia Trolley Works), Philadelphia Trolley Works (including its Franklin Footsteps walking tour), Big Bus Tours (Philadelphia Trolley Works doing business as), Lights of Liberty Inc. (walking tour), Historic Philadelphia, Inc. (including its walking tours), etc.

A Constitutional Crisis within Our National Park Service (NPS) System

Independence National Historical Park (INHP or the Park)

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. [1]

With these words our nation launched a great experiment in freedom and democracy within a representative form of government where the rule of law and not the proclivities of individuals would govern civil society. These principles enshrined in one of our nation’s founding documents have endured for over 200 years and serve as a beacon to the world. However, in the City where these principles were forged, a gross violation of their spirit is occurring by the NPS.

OverviewIn an April 3, 2008 editorial entitled “Mall Madness,” The Philadelphia Daily News said that,

“For nine years, the [Independence] visitor center and [National] Park Service have failed to come up with an agreement to run the center that might make the rules governing tour companies more consistent and less arbitrary... This is a shameful state of affairs."[2]

Issue – Requesting a Breakthrough (Not a Bailout) for a Small Business
It should not take four years and a team of lawyers for a small business to try to compete on a level playing field free from unconstitutional, unfair, random and arbitrary practices by the National Park Service. However, that is exactly the case for Jonathan and Leslie Bari, husband and wife entrepreneurs, who invested in and developed their own American dream with The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia (The Constitutional). The Constitutional annually employs 30 people in providing guided walking tours of America’s Birthplace at INHP which features many historic sites including the Liberty Bell, Independence Hall and the National Constitution Center.

Even though The Constitutional is consistent with INHP’s enabling legislation,[3] is complementary to the Park’s mission and visitor experience objectives, is appropriate for public use and enjoyment of the Park, is an environmentally friendly “green” tour, does not cause unacceptable impacts on the Park,[4] and benefits the Independence Visitor Center (Visitor Center) and in turn the NPS financially from ticket sales for The Constitutional, NPS has exhibited an ongoing pattern and practice of malfeasance and discrimination against The Constitutional and violations of its owners’ various Constitutional rights.

In this unprecedented economic crisis, the bottom line is that The Constitutional is being regulated and taxed out of business by the National Park Service. While many companies in diverse industries are seeking a Federal bailout, The Constitutional is simply seeking a Federal breakthrough to overcome NPS’s non-compliance with Federal laws and NPS’s intransigence that have been enabled to date without any meaningful oversight.

Continue Reading...

Background on The Constitutional’s disputes with the NPS and Independence Visitor Center

The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia (“The Constitutional”) offers guided walking tours of the Independence National Historical Park area by providing a primary overview of Independence Park and visiting more than 20 of Independence Park’s most historic sites including the Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, Carpenters’ Hall, Declaration House, etc.

From 2005 to 2010, the Independence Visitor Center Corporation sold tickets for The Constitutional’s various tours only at the IVC’s main information and sales desk. The IVCC has received a 20.0% (twenty percent) sales commission on each ticket that it has sold for The Constitutional (ranging on average in gross price from $12.50 to $17.50). Since 2005, The Constitutional has requested to also license a dedicated ticket sales booth from the National Park Service and IVCC on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms commensurate with Ride the Ducks and Philadelphia Trolley Works, for example. Additionally, since 2005, The Constitutional has requested to also license marketing opportunities and commercial use authorizations from the National Park Service and IVCC on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms.

The Independence Visitor Center (“IVC”) is owned and operated by the United States of America - National Park Service (“NPS”), which then sub-contracts with the Independence Visitor Center Corporation (“IVCC”), a taxpayer supported public charity, to manage the IVC.

The IVCC and NPS have preferenced third parties including Ride the Ducks and Philadelphia Trolley Works, and the IVCC and NPS have discriminated against The Constitutional Walking Tour. The National Park Service has enabled the creation of this unfair business environment. The National Park Service and the IVCC have ignored and circumvented Federal management and concessions laws for the sale of goods and services at Independence National Historical Park that require open, transparent, competitive and appealable processes awarding concessions contracts for the sale of goods and services including tours.

To facilitate the administration of the National Park Service System, the Secretary of the Department of the Interior, acting through the NPS, is authorized under the National Park Service Organic Act (“Organic Act”) to carry out twelve categories of activities, none of which include transferring administrative responsibility to a private party [i.e., IVCC] or engaging in cooperative administration with a private party [i.e., IVCC]. 16 U.S.C. § 1a-2(a)–(l). Rather than grant the NPS discretion in its dealings with park concessioners, Congress established “carefully controlled safeguards against unregulated and indiscriminate use” of the parks in the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998 (“Management Act”), which governs all national park public accommodations, facilities, and services. 16 U.S.C. § 5951 et seq.; see also 36 C.F.R. Part 51.2 (“policy underlying concessions contracts”). The safeguards are not limited to nationwide policy: Congress also manages the parks with significant visitor traffic on a park-by-park basis. See, e.g., 16 U.S.C. §§ 21–40c (Yellowstone), §§ 91–110d (Mount Rainier), §§ 212–218a (Abraham Lincoln’s Birthplace), and §§ 410z–410z-5 (Boston National). One of the dozens of national parks managed by specific statutes is Independence National Historical Park (“INHP”). 16 U.S.C. §407m–407s. As such, compliance here going forward would require the NPS, first, to reassume from the private IVCC the NPS’s duties “to administer, operate, manage, lease, and maintain” properties at INHP pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 407s; second, to award “all proposed concessions contracts … through a competitive selection process” pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 5952; and, third, to issue commercial use authorizations in a rational manner pursuant to a reasonable interpretation of 16 U.S.C. § 5966(c).

The IVCC and NPS have arbitrarily and randomly selected business partners in a non-competitive and clandestine manner; as such, the actions of the NPS and IVCC have from an economics perspective stifled competition, innovation and consumer choice. Ultimately the IVCC’s actions have enabled prices to increase for its preferred vendors to strengthen the for-profits’ financial performance. Visitors to Philadelphia will be better served when the IVCC’s management, manners and methods are fundamentally changed. This would include having the National Park Service abide by Federal concessions management laws. Specifically, this will entail only having the NPS award concessions sales contracts and not having the IVCC involved in any of the selecting, awarding, contracting and managing of Independence Park’s third party concessions, including inside the Independence Visitor Center. This is the model that is practiced in virtually every other of the 390 (three hundred ninety) National Park Service units across the United States (in 49 states) including at Yosemite, Yellowstone, Statue of Liberty, etc. Additionally, visitors and all stakeholders will be better served once the operation of the taxpayer funded IVCC is totally transparent and accountable. While part of the issue centers on a publicly funded charity competing against the private sector (i.e., by offering guided tours and services), it more so has to do with the manner in which the IVCC and NPS operate and discriminate against third party concessionaires, tour operators and vendors in a random and arbitrary fashion (i.e., with the licensing and leasing ticket sales kiosks by the IVCC to third party companies, for example).